Visiting The Glorious Archaeological Site of Ancient Messene
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We wouldn’t be surprised if visiting the archaeological site of Ancient Messene hasn’t crossed your mind – yet. Ancient Messene is one of the most underrated ancient sites in Greece.
We know that firsthand. Although we’re Greek, it took us four decades on earth to finally visit the archaeological site of Ancient Messene. Yet, once we did, Ancient Messene made its way to the top of our list of the most extraordinary archaeological sites in Greece.
One of the most important cities of the ancient world, Messene combines beautiful natural surroundings with historical landmarks that have never been destroyed throughout the centuries.
These are among the main reasons why Ancient Messene was added to UNESCO’s Tentative World Heritage List in 2014.
In this guide, you’ll find everything you need to know to plan your visit to the archaeological site of Ancient Messene and enjoy its magic to the fullest.
Where Is Ancient Messene?
Built in a fertile valley south of Mount Ithome in the heart of the Messenia region in Southwestern Peloponnese, Ancient Messene is a 45-minute drive from Kalamata or an hour and a half from Pylos by car.
The nearest village is Mavromati, the perfect place to have lunch after you visit the archaeological site and museum of Ancient Messene.
Timeline of Ancient Messene
Early Years
Evidence shows that the first on-site settlement dates back to the 3rd millennium BC.
The Defeat of The Spartans
The Messenia region had been under Spartan rule for a long period since the 8th century BC. The fearless Spartans were unbeatable for centuries. But that changed with the Battle of Leuctra, which took place in the region of Boeotia in Central Greece.
In 371 BC, the Spartans confronted the Thebans, led by the great commander Epaminondas, in the Battle of Leuctra. Although he was the battle’s outsider, Epaminondas applied a unique battlefield tactic for its time and won the Spartans.
The Founding of Ancient Messene
A couple of years after this glorious victory, Epaminondas liberated Messenia from Sparta’s occupation. He also brought the exiled Messenians back from the Greek colonies to live in the newly founded city of Ancient Messene.
In the new city, public buildings, secular and religious, and residences were built according to the Hippodamian town-planning system, which introduced building blocks with the same orientation arranged on a grid.
The ancient city of Messene flourished during the Hellenistic times from the 4th century BC until the Roman times.
The Discovery of Ancient Messene
The first systematic excavation of Ancient Messene took place in 1895 by archaeologist Themistocles Sofoulis. During the past century, archaeological works brought more findings to light.
Petros Themelis, a prominent archaeologist, was the last to supervise the archaeological excavations from 1987 onwards. After he died in 2023, he was buried at the archaeological site of Ancient Messene.
Why Is The Archaeological Site of Ancient Messene Important?
Although founded during the Classical period, Ancient Messene remained a thriving city through the Hellenistic and Roman eras. For standing the test of time, Ancient Messene is one of the most important archaeological sites in Greece.
Moreover, Messene is one of few ancient cities that have remained intact, never destroyed or covered by later settlements.
As such, it stands as a testament to life in antiquity, a fine example of an Ancient Greek city with buildings that attest to religious, secular, political, residential, and funerary functions.
Last but not least, the founding of Ancient Messene symbolizes the end of Spartan dominion in the wider area of the Peloponnese Peninsula.
Is The Archaeological Site of Ancient Messene Worth Visiting?
As the best-preserved city of Ancient Greece, Ancient Messene is a must-visit for archaeology lovers and Greek history buffs.
With several ancient buildings that have been brought back to life after thorough or partial reconstruction, the archaeological site offers a glimpse into life in Ancient Greece.
The site’s splendid location under the shadow of Mount Ithomi is yet another reason to visit this stunning archaeological site. Overall, Ancient Messene is worth a visit as it’s one of the best archaeological sites in the Peloponnese – if not Greece.
The Myth Behind Ancient Messene
The ancient capital of Messenia took its name from the mythical Queen Messene. According to Greek mythology, Messene was the daughter of Triopas, King of Argos. She married Polycaon, the second son of the King of Laconia.
The ambitious princess of Argos didn’t want her husband to be left without a throne, so she convinced him to occupy a nearby region, now known as Messenia.
FAQs About Visiting Ancient Messene
How long does it take to visit Ancient Messene?
It takes at least two hours to explore the archaeological site and the Archaeological Museum of Ancient Messene.
Is Ancient Messene accessible?
The archaeological site is easy to reach. The designated route is mostly flat with smooth inclines. The paths around the site aren’t paved and there are no ramps for wheelchair users.
Is there a parking lot in Ancient Messene?
Yes, there is ample parking space near the entrance of the Ancient Messene archaeological site.
Are there toilets or other facilities in Ancient Messene?
There are toilets, but, currently, there’s neither an on-site café nor a souvenir shop. So, don’t forget to bring water with you.
Are there any restaurants near the archaeological site of Ancient Messene?
Yes, the nearby Village of Mavromati is home to the charming Ithomi Café Restaurant, a great place to unwind after your archaeological exploration.
With gorgeous panoramic views of the archaeological site of Ancient Messene, this family-run tavern offers delicious traditional Greek dishes with many veggie options.
What is the best time to visit Ancient Messene?
Ancient Messene is a year-round archaeological site. Crowds aren’t something you should worry about as Ancient Messene is a lesser-known site. However, if you’re visiting in the summer, keep in mind that there’s no shade, so make sure you bring a hat and water.
What To See in Ancient Messene – Walking Route
We love archaeological sites in Greece but, sadly, not all of them are easy to navigate. First of all, there isn’t always a clear route to follow. Moreover, not all areas have informative signs and, when they do, sometimes these signs use difficult terminology.
Also, on-site maps often include monuments or points of interest that are no longer visible – because they’re either destroyed or covered by the modern city.
This section is meant to help you navigate any ancient site in Greece by providing a tested-by-us walking route of the most important monuments that you can actually see – rather than just imagine.
Furthermore, we replace the original scientific terms (here in brackets) with simple translations in English when necessary and provide context in cases where informative signs are scarce or non-existent.
Ancient Messene Archaeological Site Map
Ancient Theater
Our suggested walking route starts at the Ancient Theater, a remarkable construction that dates back to the 3rd century BC. Similar to all Ancient Greek theaters, the Ancient Theater of Messene was used for entertainment and political gatherings.
Its present form dates from the Roman period when Saithidae, a powerful Messenian family, sponsored the Theater’s repairs and additions. Next to the Ancient Theater, admire the early Christian mosaic floors at the Theater Quarters.
Arsinoe Fountain House
Your next stop is the Arsinoe Fountain House. According to our favorite ancient traveler Pausanias, the Fountain House received water from Klepsydra Spring in Mavromati Village.
It’s named after Arsinoe, mother of Asclepius and daughter of the Mythical Messenian King Leucippus. The Fountain House is part of Messene’s marketplace or Agora.
North Portico of The Agora (North Stoa of The Agora)
Agora is the Greek word for marketplace. Walk around the ruins of the Agora starting from the North Portico, which was used for leisure strolls and entertainment.
At the western part of the Portico, next to the Arsinoe Fountain House, the remains of a pedestal and a bathhouse date to later years, after Roman times.
At the far end of the North Portico’s eastern part, two stone market tables used for measuring merchandise help you imagine how busy this place must have been in the 3rd century BC.
Apart from the North Portico, the Agora is home to other civic buildings, which you will see later, on your way to the exit.
Sanctuary of Asclepius (Asclepieion)
A short walk from the market tables, the Sanctuary of Asclepius awaits. Asclepius was the Ancient Greek god of medicine.
The Sanctuary of Asclepius was the most important site in Ancient Messene. This is where the ancient city’s religious and political heart used to beat.
The Asclepieion complex features a large doric Temple of Asclepius in the middle of a big courtyard surrounded by colonnades with Corinthian columns.
Other buildings around the colonnades are the Sanctuary of Demeter, the Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia, the small Theater of Ekklisiastirio that was used for political gatherings, the Assembly Hall, the Archive Room, and other rooms with statues of Gods.
Roman Villa
Before heading to the adjacent Hierothysion, have a look at the Roman Villa’s remains first. The mansions of the Roman period (1st century AD) were built on the ruins of houses dating back to the 4th century BC.
The impressive well-preserved mosaic of this villa occupies an entire building block within the Hippodamian town plan.
Hierothysion
A few steps from the Asclepius Sanctuary, Hierothysion was a multifunctional complex that dates back to the 3rd century BC. It was recently excavated by archaeologist Petros Themelis.
From hosting honorable guests to serving as the site for rituals, sacrifices, and offerings, the building had many functions.
It also featured statues of the 12 Olympian Gods, alongside tripod prizes from sports competitions, and a statue of the Theban general Epaminondas, founder of Ancient Messene.
The Stadium & The Gymnasium
It’s time to check out the most impressive monument in the archaeological site of Ancient Messene, the Gymnasium, an athletic complex of ancient times.
Facing the reconstructed Mausoleum of the wealthy Saithidae Family, the U-shaped Ancient Stadium is the highlight of the Gymnasium.
The Stadium was surrounded by three collonades where the Gymnasium activities took place. These activities would include sports accompanied by music, but also literature, and philosophy.
Entering the Gymnasium from the Propylon (Ancient Greek entrance hall), the first thing you see is the base of a statue of Theseus, founder of the Gymnasium.
Walk along the colonnade where statues of esteemed Gymnasium members stood among stone slabs with young Messenians’ names.
Make a stop at the also reconstructed Grave Monument (K3) before ending up at Palaestra, an integral part of the Gymnasium.
Grave Monument (Κ3)
Constructed in the late 3rd Century BC, this impressive grave monument stands out for its conical roof. It was the grave of eight noble family members buried alongside valuable offerings.
Palaestra (Palaistra)
Palaestra was where young Greeks practiced wrestling. The rectangular courtyard surrounded by Doric columns was part of the Gymnasium.
You can see several names of young Messenians of that period in two columns. Right next to Palaestra were the baths where young men prepared using water from the 22 basins around the hall.
If you plan to visit Athens, don’t miss visiting yet another notable Gymnasium and Palaestra of Ancient Greece, the archaeological site of Aristotle’s Lykeion.
After visiting the Messenian Gymnasium, go back via the main path to see the other monuments of the Agora.
Temple of Messene
The Temple of Messene used to stand in the middle of the Agora. According to Greek mythology, Messene was the first queen of the ancient city who gave her name to the entire region: Messenia. She was worshipped as a goddess there.
Around the temple, there are remains of the Old Vouleutirio (ancient parliament), a well, a treasury, and the Prytaneio (government seat).
The Meat Market
A few steps from the Temple of Messene, a portico and a courtyard that were part of the Agora were used as a meat market for 700 years. On the mosaic floor, there is a slaughter stone for the animals.
Mosaic Representation Around The Temple of Aphrodite
Among the most remarkable things to see in Ancient Messene is the mosaic floor depicting Queen Messene. It’s situated around the remains of the Temple of Aphrodite.
Sanctuary of Isis & Sarapis
Before leaving the archaeological site, make a stop at the Sanctuary of Isis and Sarapis. The Sanctuary of the two Egyptian deities dates back to the 2nd century BC.
Representing the Nile River, the Π-shaped underground crypt was used for initiation purposes. Later it was used as a disposal area.
Archaeological Museum of Ancient Messene
A few minutes’ walk from the parking area of the archaeological site, the small Archaeological Museum is home to statues and artifacts found in Ancient Messene.
All exhibits are findings from the archaeological excavations that took place from the late 19th century, under Themistocles Sophoulis, until recently, under Petros Themelis.
Festivals in Ancient Messene
An exciting fact about the archaeological site of Ancient Messene is that it’s still in use for cultural purposes. The International Youth Festival of Ancient Drama takes place at the Ancient Messene archaeological site every May.
We were lucky enough to watch a theatrical performance in Ancient Messene. This is why we recommend checking out the festival’s schedule alongside local websites for other cultural happenings and various events during the summer months.
Archaeological Site & Museum of Ancient Messene Opening Hours
During the winter period:
November 1st to March 31st: 8.30 AM to 3.30 PM
During the summer period:
April 1st to Αugust 31st: 8 AM to 8 PM
September 1st to September 15th: 8 AM to 7.30 PM
September 16th to September 30th: 8 AM to 7 PM
October 1st to October 15th: 8 AM to 6.30 PM
October 16th to October 31st: 8 AM to 6 PM
During Greek Easter:
Good Friday: Noon to 5 PM
Holy Saturday: 8.30 AM to 4 PM
On January 1st, March 25th, May 1st, Greek Easter Sunday, December 25th, and December 26th the archaeological site of Ancient Messene is closed.
Archaeological Site & Museum of Ancient Messene Entrance Fees
The full ticket price is 10 EUR. From November 1st to March 31st, the ticket costs 5 EUR instead. The ticket includes entrance to the archaeological site and museum of Ancient Messene.
Free admission days: March 6th, April 18th, May 18th, the last weekend of September, October 28th, and the first Sunday of each month from November to March.
How To Get To Ancient Messene
The only way to get to Ancient Messene is by car. Make sure you add this stunning archaeological site to your itinerary if you plan to explore the Peloponnese on a road trip.
Where To Stay Near Ancient Messene
Kalamata is the best place to stay to explore Ancient Messene and other points of interest across the Messenia region. Less than a three-hour drive from Athens, Kalamata is a seaside city connected to other European cities with direct flights to Kalamata International Airport.
The city offers numerous options for food and drinks and this is why it makes sense to book your accommodation at one of Kalamata’s hotels.
Things To Do Near Ancient Messene
A few minutes’ drive from the archaeological site of Ancient Messene, you can visit the reconstructed Arcadian Gate of Ancient Messene’s city walls.
From there, you can admire the remains of the strong fortification walls. Stretching for almost six miles, the city walls include the Sanctuary of Zeus Ithomatas at the peak of Ithomi Mountain next to the Old Monastery of Voulkanos.
The Laconian Gate to the east has not survived, you can only see a few remains. Other sites to see near the village of Mavromati are the Sanctuary of Artemis and, a bit farther away, the Sanctuary of Eileithyia, the goddess of childbirth.
If you plan to visit more places in the Messenia region on a road trip, the Mycenaean Palace of Nestor in Pylos is one of the most important archaeological sites in Greece.
With their splendid castles, the charming seaside towns of Methoni and Koroni are two unmissable stops on any Peloponnese itinerary.
Last but not least, Kalamata, the modern capital of the Messenia region, is a wonderful city to explore. From indulging in gastronomy experiences to learning the recent history of Greece, Kalamata boasts plenty of amazing things to do.
We hope this introduction to the marvels of Ancient Messene, one of the most important cities of antiquity, convinced you to add this spectacular Ancient Greek site to your bucket list.
We also hope that this guide to visiting the archaeological site of Ancient Messene helps you navigate and enjoy it to the fullest.
If you’ve already been to this lesser-known archaeological site or if you’re planning to visit Ancient Messene soon, reach out to us or share your thoughts with fellow mythology enthusiasts and history buffs by joining our Ancient Greece Facebook group.
